Benign breast diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions including developmental abnormalities, inflammatory lesions, epithelial and stromal proliferations, and neoplasms.
Hemorrhoids affect about 75% of the population by age 50. And, they are common in pregnancy. While hemorrhoids are not dangerous, they can bleed and become painful when they are in the skin around the anus.
Hernias can occur to men and women of all ages. A hernia often occurs as a result of weakness or hole in the muscular wall surrounding stomach and bowels that keeps abdominal organs in place.
Thyroid surgery is used to treat thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism. Suregry is advised in cases where medical management for the thyroid has failed. During this procedure, part or all of the thyroid gland is removed.
The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that separates the lungs from the abdomen. The left half of the diaphragm contains a small hole (hiatus) through which passes the food pipe or esophagus. Normally this hole fits snugly around the esophagus.